Drawing Electron Dot Diagram

Rules:
-The nuclear is represented by the atomic symbol
-For individual element determine the number of valence electrons
-Each orbit get 1e before they pair up
-Each bond represent 2e
-All Valence electrons must be used
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Organic Compound
Single bonded:
C2H6
C:4e- H:1e-

   








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Double bonded
CO2                 ..    ..            ..  ..
C:4-               :O::C::O:  ---------:O=C=O:
O:6-
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 Triple bonded
N2
N:5e-                ......        .._..
                      N::N -------- N=N
                     
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Lewis Structure
-H F are never at the center
-place metal in the center if possible
-single atom in the center
-atom needs most e-in the center

e.g      .. ..
N2H2   H:N::N:H              H-N=N-H
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Polyatomic
 NH4 +       H       +      H
             ..             |
       [  H: N :H ]       H-N-H
             ..             |
             H              H
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Chemical Bonding

1.Ionic
2.Non-polar Covalent
3.Polar Covalent

- If the electrons are shared equally -A non polar covalent is formed
                       shared unequally-A polar covalent is formed
                       transfered between 2 atoms-Ionic is formed
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1.Ionic Bond
  -All boding is based on the electrostatic relationships
  -Opposite charges attract each other
  -Like charges rebel each other

-Electrostatic force is a force that exist between charged particles as a result of attraction of repulsion

-Atom with high electro negativity values have high ionization energy because they strongly attract their elections and difficult to remove

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2.Covalent Bonding
  -Intra molecular covalent bonds are hold together by intermolecular forces to form  covalent

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Polarity

-If there is an imbalance with electrical charge then a molecule is polar

-If the electrical charge is the same---is non polar covalent

=delta 

-higher electronegativity will form a partial negative charge δ-(0<=> -1)

-lower electronegetivity will form a partial positive charge δ+(0<=>1)

-An arrow sigh is usually used to indicate the migration of electrons towards the move electronegative atom.

E.g.

   δ+H------Fδ-

    +------->

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   H:2.20
  -Cl:3.16

  =0.96

 δ+H------Clδ-  

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